Karthikeyan KC

Hi Mark,

When you have water at two different temperatures and mix them the heat would flow from higher temperature (hot water) to the lower temperature. So the basic equation here is, heat lost by hot water = heat gained by cold water as both reach a thermal equilibrium.

Heat transfer Q = mcΔT.

Where m is the mass of the water, c is the specific heat (4.1855 J/g°C) and ΔT is the change in temperature.

For your case, X litres at 5 degrees C and Y litres at 10 degrees C,

Cold 5——x——10 Hot

(X 103)(4.186)(10 – x) = (Y 103)(4.186)(x – 5)

Solving this, we get

X/Y = x – 5 / 10 – x

Now for your other cases, where you need to find the ratio of hot and cold water to mix and attain a specific temperature (x), all you need to do is substitute the equilibrium temperature value for x. X/Y is the ratio of the water you need to mix.

Hi Johnnie,

This is an interesting question! :)

When you press something indefinitely with the help indestructible stuff, you will eventually start the process of creating a singularity a.k.a the black hole. So to begin with, let’s consider you are compressing an object like an iron ball for example. When you increase the pressure in the container, the molecules in the ball start compressing and in the process the temperature rises (the molecular kinetic energy increases). The more you compress the more the heat is added (as work done + rise in the average kinetic energy of molecules). This will eventually lead to a change in the phase of the iron ball.

Take a look at Iron’s phase diagram below.

Let’s say you have reached a temperature of 3000 degree Celsius and pressure beyond 500 bar.

At this point, iron would only exist as a hot molten liquid. When you keep increasing the pressure with the ‘indestructible and non-reactive’ piston of yours, the molecules will soon rip itself apart and soon the electrons will rip itself from the atoms (as they will reach very high energy states), forming a very hot plasma.

You keep increasing the pressure, you would have added enough energy to overcome the repulsion between the electrons and nucleons (a countering pressure called degeneracy pressure). This is the point where you will cross the electron degeneracy pressure.

After overcoming that, you will eventually overcome the proton degeneracy pressure. And as the energy of electrons and protons are now increased, electron capture begins and all the electrons and protons will form neutrons, leaving a soup of neutrons in your unbreakable container.

Now your unbreakable container is a neutron star!

When you increase the pressure, you will overcome the neutron degenerate matter and might create a quark star (where the neutrons will now only be existing as their constituent particles as the up and down quarks). Now, you will have to increase your pressure to overcome the pressure between these quarks (quark degeneracy pressure).

And when you overcome this, you will be able to confine all of the matter in that indestructible container into a point, creating the singularity.

Hey Jrad,

Appreciate your curiosity. There are few things I don’t get in your question.

You have mentioned Δ = 6.625*10-34. I don’t get it. The value is Planck’s constant (h). It should be Δv.

As far as the answer goes, Δx (uncertainty in position) will be very very very very very :) little for macroscopic objects. And you should not use the uncertainty principle to macroscopic objects like football as you would not be able to observe the teeny tiny variation (a little greater than the extremely small 6.626 x 10-34 Js).

Said that… The wave-particle duality cannot be observed (as it is too small) for macroscopic objects. But it does not mean that the uncertainty principle only applies to quantum mechanics.

If we consider the football to behave as a wave, the de Broglie wavelength λ can be found.

λ = h/p (where p is the momentum)

λ = h/p = 4.141 x 10-35 m/s (This is a very small value!)

This is the reason why the football seems deterministic

If you were to apply HUP to the football, then the uncertainty in position and velocity will both be a minuscule non-zero number. I think your confusion arises from assuming the change in velocity too close to Planck’s constant for ease of calculation. It is evident that the Δx value had to go up to satisfy the relation. When you substitute realistic values (which will still be too small), you will get some agreeable results.

Right after reading this, I remembered the words of Carl Sagan, “We are made of star stuff.” I thought I could pen down my own version of this answer here.

Let’s make a quick microscopic picture so that we can ease into the macroscopic world.

All things are indeed created by molecules. To be precise, all things are made up of elementary particles like electrons, quarks, and constituent particles like protons and neutrons. The combination of these protons, neutrons and electrons in a stable configuration as an atom creates different elements and compounds. Atoms of these elements and compounds together make different molecules, existing in different phases, influencing and reacting with one another. A beautiful harmony the universe plays!

A human is made up of different kinds of molecules in humongous numbers, forming complex shapes, performing complex chemical reactions, carrying information, replicating, all inside a very sophisticated biological system, which is the result of billions of years of evolution.

A tree is similar to a human. It is equally sophisticated as a human system, and it has its own number of different molecules and compounds orchestrating a different kind of biochemical stuff. When you make a table out of the wood from the trees, you still retain the chemical composition of the wood, except without the ‘life’ part of it.

The chemicals that are so common in wood are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. A human body has a similar composition too. We are mostly made up of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen as well.

Now if we look back the timeline of our solar system, we can understand the origin or source of all these elements around us. Some magnificently violent supernova had bestowed us all the elements necessary to create the sun and the planets and possibly life we know today.

The oxygen atom in our body comes from the atmosphere, which is actually produced by the trees by photosynthesis. The carbon in the trees comes from the environment as well. But we breath out that carbon into the atmosphere in the first place as carbon dioxide. In a grand scale, all these atoms had come from that solar nebula that formed Earth.

When your great grandmother was using the table, she was closer to the table. Not for a day, but for years, I assume. The atoms in her skin would have wanted to interact with the atoms in the table whenever she touched, but repelled quite enough by the electrostatic forces. Her DNA would have been all over the table once due to her presence. So would the table still carry her essence? Or technically, will she have affected the table in a way that would have changed the wooden table’s composition according to her comfort?

In a way, yes. She would have passively affected the chemical composition of the table but in subtle ways. The table might have unique marks made by her or might show some signs of wear and tear from her prolonged use.

To answer the final question – “Is my great grand-mother some-how connected to that table now?” – Yes, the table is connected to your great grandmother in the same way the table is connected to the universe. But as you are a descendant of her, sharing her genes, the table is connected to you and your great grandmother in a special way.

Hey @jarc! Welcome to Curiosity. The only way you can sink normal ice is by increasing its density by adding foreign materials like tiny iron pellets in it while freezing. Alternatively, you could try heating up the water enough to lower the density of it so that the ice sinks in it. In this case, you would need to superheat the water above its boiling point of 100 °C.

[su_note]Caution: Don’t try this! The superheated water will boil violently the moment you introduce ice into it. More on this here. [/su_note]

How did I miss this? Too late to the party anyway! But this is worth sharing here.

The above answer would only disable the real-time monitoring part of Windows Defender. If you want to disable the service entirely, go here HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\WinDefend and change the value of Start to 4. This will disable the service, while changing the value to 3 will change it to manual start. I hope you are aware of the risks involved in disabling it.

How about grep? Pipe it with cat and you can get the log based on your timestamp. I often use sudo cat access.log | grep "<timestamp>" when looking up events. For advanced filtering, have a handy dump of regex expressions that you can use with grep. Grep regex documentation should help you.

Thanks for reporting. :) It’s a known issue that I’ve been trying to figure out for a week now. Will fix it as soon as possible.

UPDATE – It’s fixed now.

Hey @rontap, I just saw this. Don’t know how I forgot to reply you. :) Sorry for the delay anyway! I appreciate your help here and it’s so nice of you to offer help on the Discourse front. However, I don’t really have the resources to use Discourse in the long term. BBPress is doing quite better than expected. Whatever you feel about the forum, please do let me know and I will see what I can do about it. I see that you are a frequent member here, and that makes your feedback and insights more valuable. :)

Out of curiosity, are we giving up on this forum?

Umm No! Working on a new product @ swyde. We’ll still answer questions here. :)

More detailed images are here now. Here is an enhanced version of the image showing the bright spots in much higher definition.

Right up my alley! The truth is, you CAN recall your dreams better, once when you start recording your dreams. I know it’s a bit weird to start it… But, when you put effort and start recording it, you WILL remember your dreams eventually. Check out this article.

You mean ‘how do they exist in neutron stars without decaying?’ If yes, the answer is gravity! Gravity makes it impossible for all those neutrons to decay into protons and electrons. Think of the neutron star as a big nucleus of an element. When enough neutrons decay into electrons and protons, Pauli’s exclusion principle disallows any further states of the electrons, protons or neutrons. This makes weird stuffs to the neutrons in the neutron star, forming the degenerate neutron gas. Further decay and their ‘existence’ is preserved by the pressure created under the exclusion principle, called as neutron degeneracy pressure.

Thank you for the suggestion CC. I had already thought about that and only after analyzing several stuffs, I decided to settle with BBpress. One, it’s lightweight and shares WP core as you mentioned. It also shares the WP userbase, under one roof. Maintenance is quite easy in a way. Besides, Discourse uses a lot of resources, which I can’t afford yet. It’s pretty neat and modern, but 1GB of RAM is way too pricey to have. So in the end, BBpress wins in several scenarios.

Hi @Marshlow, Welcome to Geekswipe. I have read about these effects too, but not that deep. I hope you will find your answers soon enough. I have a quick question about your g-force figures. 100 G is way too much even for a football heading! Could you please link us the source?